Roland Barthes

Roland Barthes was a semiologist; basically he was paid to look at texts.

Texts may be:

• Open-unravelled, in many threads E.g soaps
• Closed-only one obvious thread to pull on E.g Children programmes

Barthes decided that these "threads" are called narrative codes,there are five codes:
Action codes:

• Any action that implies a further narrative action E.g a gun fight

Enigma codes:

• Refers to any element in a story that is not explained and therefore exists as an enigma for the audience, raising questions that demand explication.

The semantic code:

• Any element in a text that suggests a particular, often additional meaning by way of connotation.

The culture code:

• Any element in a narrative that refers "to a science or a body of knowledge." In other words, the cultural codes tend to point our shared knowledge of how the world works.